The Ending of the American Dream - 1200 Words

The Ending of the American Dream Since the early colonization of America, the American dream has been the ultimate symbol for success. In retrospect, the dreamer desires to become wealthy, while also attaining love and high class. Though the dream has had different meanings in time, it is still based on individual freedom, and a desire for greatness. During the 19th century, the typical goal was to settle in the West and raise a family. However, the dream progressively transformed into greediness and materialism during the early 20th century. The indication of success soon became focused on wealth and luxury. The Great Gatsby is a story focused on the deterioration of the American dream. Throughout the novel, Jay Gatsby is shown with a†¦show more content†¦Gatsby is too late in realizing that there is no sympathy in Daisy; there is just wealth and status. Gatsby’s impractical view of life is so great that he tells Daisy to break up with Tom. He undertakes that his dre am will be complete if she says she never loved Tom. To Gatsby, Daisy is an object of the past. His obsession with her does not allow him to distinguish between times. Gatsby perceives Daisy being the same women he met long ago. Gatsby’s failures stems from the gap in his judgment that Daisy only represents beauty and love. Although she seems to be light and full of kindness, she is actually selfish and greedy. She is irresponsible and inconsiderate with others; she lets Myrtle’s death become Gatsby responsibility, and she shows no concern when her action leads to Gatsby’s death. In fact, Daisy’s character is immediately revealed early in the novel when she hopes her daughter will â€Å"†¦be a fool†¦a beautiful little fool.† (20) After Daisy learns about Gatsby’s illicit activities, she almost immediately sides with her equally-alike husband. Across from Gatsby’s house lies the wealthy East Egg, where the Buchanans live. Gat sby’s desire to become part of the East Egg is symbolized by the green light next to the dock. The green light symbolizes Gatsby’s hunger for more power and wealth, along with Daisy. The color of green also represents Gatsby’s jealousy and bitterness to be part of the East Egg. Because the lightShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream Not Ending Perfectly By Lorraine Hansberry, It s One Of Her Realistic Masterpieces961 Words   |  4 Pages A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry, it s one of her realistic masterpieces. The play expresses an African American family stand out in their respective to chase the American dream by experiencing contradictions and conflicts. Although in the play, the American dream not ending perfectly, the dramatis personae in the play, particularly mother Lena Younger, did not show any improvement by moving into a white neighborhood. To have a better understanding of Lena, I am going to interpret herRead MoreThe American Dream in The Gre at Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald832 Words   |  3 Pages The American dream in The Great Gatsby written by Scott Fitzgerald, About fighting for what we want. American Dream makes us strong and brave to do things we would not do. American dream can be clothes, money, luxury, and love. In the novel the American Dream is what we picture but if we dig deep inside there are crushed dreams and conquered but failed. American dream is not what we all pictured in the Great Gatsby but they make us believe how great is life is. The Great Gatsby is about high classRead MoreEssay On Trump And DACA830 Words   |  4 Pagesapplicants to DACA cannot have serious criminal history and must have been brought to the US before 2007, under the age of 16. DACA allows for these young people to live and work inside the US legally without risk of deportation. 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Boyle shows two different couples trying to achieve the American dream and the things that they face to try and get the dream. Reading this you learn that there are many tri bulations that people go through in trying to accomplish the American dream. This book enables the audience to view both perspectivesRead MoreThe Public Enemy Genre Analysis1219 Words   |  5 Pagesgangster genre is characterized by violence and lawlessness of american capitalism and The American Dream. The short lived classical era of the gangster genre in Hollywood is also greatly influenced by the production code which manifested the iconic moral narrative of the gangster genre. William A. Wellman’s 1931 film The Public Enemy can be considered a film of the gangster genre when one examines the conflict with the American dream, the rise and fall of the protagonist Tom Powers, as well as theRead MoreOf Mice and Men1630 Words   |  7 Pagescharacters of this novel hope and dream, their plans do not find fulfillment. 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Dementia awareness Free Essays

Some of these things old be symptoms of dementia but they could Just be a memory Impairment. 2. 1 The medial model of dementia feels that it is more important to treat the disease rather than the person. We will write a custom essay sample on Dementia awareness or any similar topic only for you Order Now It focuses on the impairment as the problem and seeks to create dependency. The social model of dementia focus’ on the individual. And try’s to ensure the person’s capabilities are maintained. By learning about each person, the care and support can be designed appropriately for the individual’s needs. 2. 3 Dementia should be classed as a disability because as the disease progresses, the more support the individual needs. They could be unaware of the medication they need to take, ensure that they are eating/drinking. Maintaining personal hygiene. Each individual with dementia is different so they needs the care and support to maintain a good life. 3. 1 Alchemist’s. Vascular dementia- when the oxygen doesn’t reach the brain. ; Eely Bodies. Front-Temporal Dementia. 3. 2 3. 3 Signs and symptoms of Alchemist’s are: Minor memory problems Trouble saying the right words. Disorientation Mood swings Behavior changes The risk factors for Alchemist’s are: Age- most people are 65+ and likelihood doubles every 5 years. ; Genes (heredity) Signs and symptoms of vascular dementia are: Difficulties with completing tasks. Memory loss Mental confusion Low attention span Wandering in the night Stroke like symptoms The risk factors for vascular dementia are: Increasing age History of heart attacks, strokes or mini strokes. High cholesterol and blood pressure Diabetes Smoking Signs and symptoms of dementia in the Eely bodies: Visual hallucinations Delusions Muscle stiffness Slower movements Shaking and trembling Problems sleeping Risk factors for dementia in the Eely bodies are: Dementia in the Family history your risk of getting it. Signs and symptoms of Front-temporal dementia: Aggression Compulsive behavior Being easily distracted Lack of interest of washing themselves. 3. 4 Prevalence rates for dementia in the UK are: 40-64 years: 1 in 1400 65-69 years: 1 in 100 70-79 years: 1 29 80* years: 1 in 5 4. 1 Everyone who has dementia is an individual and will be at different stages of their dementia. An older person with Eely bodies’ dementia may need more assistance with everyday life tasks than an older person with Alchemist’s. This could be because how much they can do with the disease they have. A person with Eely bodies’ mental may need assistance with eating and drinking than a person with Alchemist’s as they can’t hold cutely because their body shakes but the person with Alchemist’s will be fine eating and drinking. A younger person with dementia may have different interests to someone who is 82 and has dementia. The support should be there to meet everyone individual needs. 4. 2 Other may act well to a person who has dementia because they know what is up with the person and has some knowledge and understanding. A person who has no understanding of dementia could have wrong Judgments and assumptions of a person with dementia. How to cite Dementia awareness, Papers Dementia awareness Free Essays Explain what is meant by demtia: Dementia is a term that is used when the brain is affected by different diseses or conditions. Describe the key functions of the brain affected by dementia: The key functions of the brain affected by dementia are- processing information,language,memory,ability to make sound Judements. Explain why depression, delirium and age related memory impairment may be mistaken for dementia: They may be mistaken for dementia because the symtoms are simular eg ild cognitive impairment, apathy, confusion, poor memory, low concentration. We will write a custom essay sample on Dementia awareness or any similar topic only for you Order Now Understand key features of the theoretical models of dementia Outline the medical model of dementia: Expert control, dependency upon experts denial of personhood, not recognising the social context, distinction between normal and pathological, individualisation of behaviors, blaming the individual, tratment of the illness. Outline the social model of dementia: Interaction of biological and social factors, importance of communities and social etworks, role of socio-economic factors, political factors, recognition of personhood, effects of empowerment. Explain why dementia should be viewed as a disability: Dementia should be viewed as a disability because people who have dementia are at risk of harm, and are vunerable Know the most common types of dementia and their causes List the most common causes of dementia+ their symptoms: Alzheimers disease: causes- changes in chemistry and structure of the brain, death of brain cells, signs and symptoms- memory loss related to recent events,familiar aces, confusion about time of day, familiar objects and faces, finding the right word. Lewy body dementia: causes- development of lewy bodies inside the nerve cells, degeneration of brain tissue, signs and symptoms- memory loss, problem solving, confusion and delirium, servere phychotic symtoms such as persistant hallucinations. Vascular dementia: causes- effects of a stroke+a series of small strokes, signs and symptoms- memory loss dizzyness, slurred speech, effects movement, rapid+shuffing steps, leg/arm weakness, loss of bowel/bladder control. Fronto- temporal dementia: causes- accumulation of proteins, development of pick bodies, signs and symptoms- lack of insight, inability to emphasise, changing or inappropriate behaviour, loss of inhibitions, development of compulsive rituals. Risk factors- age related eg, higher blood pressure, changes to nerve cells, DNA cell structure, body repairs itself slower. Prevalence rates : people with medical history like downs syndrome, hiv, and peoples lifestyles eg- excess alcohol, lack of exercise, inappropriate diet. Understand tactors relating to an individuals experience ot dementia Describe now ifferent individuals may experience living with dementia depending on age, type of dementia, and level of ability and disability: Every individual with dementia are going to experience it different, because everybodys health situations are different, age, location, social networks, some may have support from friends and family and some may be alone, Behaviour of others: Behaviour of others can make a difference for someone with dementia eg, care workers, colleages, managers, speech therapists, support groups. If having this support will make the individuals experience better than without the support. How to cite Dementia awareness, Papers Dementia Awareness Free Essays DEMENTIA AWARENESS 3. 4 Identify prevelance rates for different types of dementia. Prevelance shows the number of new cases of dementia in a given time period. We will write a custom essay sample on Dementia Awareness or any similar topic only for you Order Now The well established prevelance rates for dementia in the UK are – 40-64 years – 1 in 1400 65-69 years – 1 in 100 70-79 years – 1 in 25 80+ – 1 in 6 It is estimated that by 2021 there will be one million people with dementia in the UK this is expected to rise to over 1. 7 million people with dementia by 2051. A steady rather than dramatic growth is expected over the next 25 years. The proportions of those with different forms of dementia can be broken down as follows – Alzheimers disease – 62% Vascular dementia – 17% Mixed dementia – 10% Dementia with Lewy Bodies – 4% Fronto-temperal dementia – 2% Other dementias – 3% There are currently nearly 36 million people with dementia in the world, the number of people is expected to double every 20 years, by 2050 it is projected that there will be 115 million people with dementia worldwide, 71 per cent of those will live in developing countries. There are 800,000 people in the UK with a form of dementia in 2012 and 17,000 are under 65, one in 14 people over 65 and one in 6 people over 80 has a form of dementia, the number of people with dementia in different parts of the UK has been estimated by applying new prevelance figures to estimates of the population numbers for 2011 theses are – England – 648,898 Northern Ireland – 18,286 Wales – 43,614 How to cite Dementia Awareness, Papers

The Moonlit Night free essay sample

A beautiful moonlit night. Nowadays,houses and buildings in a city or town are mostly lit by electricity public roads are well lit at night. Therefore,town people do not seem to notice the moon shinning in the night sky. There is no electricity in villages and resultm country folk have to do things by the light of the moon. They usually get a chance to admire the beauty of the moonlit nights. I still remember a beautiful moonlit night night that I enjoyed in the October of last year. At that time ,I was staying with my family and relatives in Chaung-Thar beach in Myanmar. That night was a moonlit night that people called Thadingyut full moon night. The moon was very large and shinning brightly and I could not help gazing at the silvery moon with a feeling of great pleasure. The moon bathed the countryside in a silvery light. We will write a custom essay sample on The Moonlit Night or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thus,I could see the shadows of the big breakers crashed in thunderous white to the beach. As there wa a fair along the beach,we walked through that fair and bought presents for remembrance . After that we sat on the beach ang built a bonfire at the beachside. Then,we played sparkler and fire crackers. Then,I sat in silence and gazed at the moon. A light refreshing breeze was blowing and the herbs are swaying gently. Moreover,it was interesting to hear some children playing hopscotch and lind mans buff. Hearing the sounds was unusual experience for a city dweller like me. However,I had enjoyed that beautiful moonlit night happily and I had seen the living style of people in there. During this moonlit night, I had got some knowledges and enjoyed to feel the beauty of the moon The silvery light of the moon made beach look lovely . From this moonlit night,my mind was relaxed and my heart was filled with joys. It wa the most beautiful feeling I had ver experienced. I usually remember sitting in front of the bonfire and gazing at a yellowish full moon as if it were yesterday. I will never forget the moonlit night that I spend on the beautiful beach in Myanmar

Racism in Dracula Novel Research Paper Example

Racism in Dracula Novel Paper Is Dracula a racist novel? Racist- 1. the belief that race accounts for the differences in human character or ability race is superior to others 2. Discrimination or prejudice based on race. (1) The above description of racism describes most of Bram Stokers Dracula novel. About a man moving to a different environment but finding out, that his presence is not welcome because of his differences. This is also the case in Richard Mathesons I am legend. Where one man is, the only human being left in the world and the rest are vampires. This story is the opposite of Bram Stokers novel Dracula. Even though Dracula tried to fit into the environment by reading up on it. The books were of the most Varied kind-history, geography, Politics, political economy, botany, geology, Law-all relating to England and English Life and customs and manners. (2) This shows that Dracula was so keen to fit in the English culture that he did not want to look different. This means he already knew he would face some racism once he moved. In I am legend Robert Neville never tried to adapt to the other kind. He wanted to kill them instead. Someday Ill get that bastard, he thought as he took a big swallow of the bitter drink. Someday Ill knock a stake right through his goddamn chest. (3) This shows the hatred between the two different people. The vampires in the I am legend have put so much rage onto Robert Neville that he does not come out at night because he is scared the different people, Come out, Neville! (4). This is in Roberts own area, yet in Draculas own country, he was obviously an important person, I will have to be away till the afternoon. Showing he is a busy person. By this Dracula is a very important person. We will write a custom essay sample on Racism in Dracula Novel specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Racism in Dracula Novel specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Racism in Dracula Novel specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He could be so important that some people are even scared of him. Jonathan Harker could see this through the gypsies he met. When I asked him if he knew Count Dracula, and could tell me anything of his castle, both he and his wife crossed themselves, and, saying that they knew nothing at all, simply refused to speak further. (5) Draculas appearance is also different to those in England. His face is described as: aquiline, with high bridge of the thin nose and peculiarly forehead, and hair growing scantly round the temples, but profusely elsewhere. (6) his mouth is described as rather cruel-looking. (7). So Draculas appearance is different, hardly seen at daytime and comes from another country, he is treated differently. In I am legend Roberts appearance is different form the vampires so. He was a tall man, thirty-six, born of English-German stock, his features undistinguished except for the long, determined mouth and the bright blue of his eyes. (8) this could be another reason, which the vampires are after Robert. He is the only one who still has his natural looks unlike the diseased vampires. While Draculas stay in England a woman named Lucy Westenra who sleep walks get found by one of her friends Mina Murray sitting on a bench with a dark figure with red eyes over Lucy. The Lucy becomes ill and pale and has two bite marks at her throat. Then after the illness she keeps on losing severe amounts of blood, finally dies, and becomes a vampire. Therefore, her own friends kill her. Yet, they blame Dracula because he is new in England and from another country, they blame him for the killings. However, they actually killed her. The doctor in Dracula had a client named Reinfield who predicted that the master (9) is arriving to England. Reinfield is attacked and killed. When I came to Reinfields room I found him lying on the floor on his left side in a glittering pool of blood. (10) From this death, they are convinced that Dracula had killed Reinfield. Even if someone did kill him, it could have been self-defence, because Reinfield has attacked before. When we closed in on him he fought like a tiger. He is immensely strong, and he was more like a wild beast than a man. (11) Dracula has been treated very differently when comparing to his own country and in England =, was so different that he had to flee back to his own home knowing that he was not welcomed there because of his differences. Dracula is being victimised. Earlier in the book when Jonathan Harker stayed round at Draculas early on, he is treated very differently in Draculas home than in his own, showing different people are treated differently in other cultures. In I am legend when Robert meets a girl thinking that she is another human being like him but the girl is affected by the vampire disease, only partially. She had to lead him to her people so he can be killed, this is because he is the only kind of person, I am legend (12) so they are scared of him, and must kill him. Robert Neville looked out over the new people of the earth. He knew he did not belong to them; he knew that, like vampires, he was anathema and black terror to be destroyed. (13) During the whole book if Dracula the hatred against Dracula grows against him because of his difference of appearance and culture. For all the murders in England, there has not been one with full 100% evidence that Dracula committed them. Yet is still blamed. Bram Stoker was Irish and this book is about English people treated and reacting to other cultures. This book could show the real England and the racism in England in the past. Robert Neville is the last man on Earth but he is not alone. Every man, woman and child on the planet has become a vampire, and they are hungry for Nevilles blood. (14) Bram Stokers Dracula is not the only novel showing racism in vampire stories, their a many films and other novels, such as the film From Dusk till Dawn, where the normal good guys are the Americans and the Mexicans are the evil vampires. From Bram Stokers Dracula and Richard Mathesons I am legend, it can be seen that not all countries are welcomed in different countries as Dracula and Robert Neville was treated differently in the different environments. Shiraz KHAN Is Dracula a racist novel?

Critical Evaluation Of Financial Statements Accounting Essay Essays

Critical Evaluation Of Financial Statements Accounting Essay Essays Critical Evaluation Of Financial Statements Accounting Essay Essay Critical Evaluation Of Financial Statements Accounting Essay Essay Fiscal statements contain fiscal information about a concern organisation that should be just and accurate. They should state determination shapers about the company s fiscal personal businesss. In peculiar, fiscal statements are of import for investors and creditors in their efforts to measure future hard currency flows from the company to them. However, as Elliott and Elliott, 2008 province, there has been an increasing concern about the impact of traveling monetary value degrees on net income and capital measuring. Therefore, Historical Cost Accounting ( HCA ) is the worst possible accounting convention, until one considers the options ( p.86 ) . Hence, there are alternate accounting attacks that have been proposed to integrate these motions into the fiscal studies. Notwithstanding, these attacks are still undergoing development and have non achieved general support among practicians in the accounting field. You are required to discourse and notice on the above statement with mention to academic books, documents, and other published beginnings that you have read. See all the following in your response: Critically evaluate fiscal statements in footings of its importance, dependability and relevance to the cardinal users. Response: As stated by Atrill A ; McLaney, the fiscal statements aim is to supply a snapshot of the fiscal place and public presentation of a concern ( Atrill A ; McLaney, 2008 ) . The Financial Accounts of a company describe the public presentation of the company in fiscal footings. They are drumhead of the extended activities of a concern designed to supply true and accurate images to stakeholders ( Woelfel, 1994 ) . In today s universe, the fiscal histories of a company will be of involvement to broad assortment of users called stakeholders ( DL MBA Material, 2003 ) . As discussed in DL MBA stuff, some of stakeholder of a company can be proprietors, loaners, investing analysts, directors, employees, clients, providers, rivals and authorities bureaus. The following briefly discuss features of fiscal studies which would be interested to each party ( DL MBA Material, 2003 ) . Owners The stockholders of company s are ultimate proprietors. The stockholders invest their money into company A ; hence they are concern with profitableness, dividend and future chances of the company. Their chief concern is dependability of information available to them to make up ones mind their future outlooks or class of actions ( DL MBA Material, 2003 ) . Lenders They are the fiscal establishments who lend money to a company for its regular operation or concern enlargements. They perform elaborate analysis of company histories and do determination to impart money. It helps them to understand the fiscal purchase of the company by analyzing the different purchase ratios like debt-to-equity ratio etc. They determine the fixed assets of the company in order to cover up any contingency. They decide the repayment ability of companies towards adoptions ( DL MBA Material, 2003 ) . Investing Analyst They are risk-appetite bargainers, single investors, and fiscal establishment looking for concern chance to put money into a company. They frequently use company s history to measure the hereafter growing and profitableness of a concern. One of their chief concerns is growing potency of the company A ; their portion monetary value public presentation in stock market ( DL MBA Material, 2003 ) . Directors A companies directors purpose is to analyze the fiscal accounting and happen the way of the attempts being put to accomplish corporate aims. They normally determine the company public presentation based on thorough internal histories. Their single public presentations get judged by the bring forthing good accounting figures ( DL MBA Material, 2003 ) . Employee They would be concern about hereafter of company A ; stableness and would be looking at histories from company profitableness, growing, long term concern and truthfulness of information ( DL MBA Material, 2003 ) . Customers- They frequently sees company s history to find the strength of the possible seller to fulfill their committednesss ( DL MBA Material, 2003 ) . Supplier- They frequently sees company s histories to find the recognition installations A ; payment footings ( DL MBA Material, 2003 ) . Competitor- will be interested to see the histories to derive any advantage which they can do usage of ( DL MBA Material, 2003 ) . Government agencies- Tax authorization will take closer expression into a company s history to place any disagreement in the history by exaggerating or under standing net incomes. Hence the cardinal standards would be to look into truth, verifiability A ; truthfulness ( DL MBA Material, 2003 ) . The different users of histories got different motivation to look at it and they got different demand like equity, truthfulness, public presentation, refund capacity, fiscal purchase, liquidness and hard currency flow of a company. Question 2: Review the defects of HCA theoretical account when monetary values are lifting and explicate why fiscal studies under the HCA are capable to some major restrictions ( e.g. stock list is undervalued, the depreciation charge to the income statement is unostentatious, balance sheet values are understated, and periodic comparings are invalidated ) . Response: The historical cost accounting is a convention in which plus values are based on the existent sum paid for the assets with no rising prices accommodations. The historical cost conventions reference that the value of assets should be accounted on their acquisition cost ( Atrill A ; McLaney, 2008 ) . It does non take into history rising prices though there are certain accommodations like depreciation, depletion and damages ( www.money terms.co.uk, 2010 ) . It relies on an premise that the buying power of money is changeless through out and does non alter with clip. Under historical cost attack, the stock lists are reported in balance sheet at cost. However, there may be decrease in realisable value of the stock lists due to obsolescence, impairment or salable monetary value alterations ; therefore historical cost attack does non account for this alteration ( Hawawini A ; Viallet 2007 ) . It is frequently said that the weighing assets at their current value would supply a more true image of the fiscal place of a company and would be more meaningful to broad scope of audiences for determination devising. But at the same clip it has got dependability job ( Atrill A ; McLaney, 2008 ) . With rise in monetary value, HCA will non be able to capture the alteration in rating of underlying assets as it records the value of assets as historical cost. Hence, addition in the value of assets will non be reflected in a company balance sheet. Due to this the balance sheet will non show the true fiscal place. As a consequence, in the clip of high rising prices, net incomes will be overstated and revenue enhancement liability will increase. Again with monetary value autumn, similar job will be observed but this clip existent plus value will be less than the historical cost hence exaggerating the assets on the balance sheet A ; sabotaging the net incomes A ; the revenue enhancement liability will diminish. The depreciation adds more complication to the job. The cost of assets by and large spread out over a figure of old ages of its usability life clip at the monetary value paid at the executing of a dealing. The depreciation affects the transporting value of the plus. HCA does non see the existent value and therefore deprecating original value does non demo true image. Question 3: Why has the HCA theoretical account survived in malice of its restrictions in times of rising prices? Response: The HCA theoretical account is traditional accounting theoretical account and there are many grounds for its endurances. It is straightforward, simple and dependable. There are certain restriction with net market value, depreciation, monetary value rise A ; autumn and rising pricess but at the same clip other accounting systems mostly faces concerns around dependability, rightness, quality A ; truthfulness of information ( Johnson, 2005 ) . As per Johnson, the historical costs though non just but much more dependable. Hence many cases, the importance is given to tradeoff between historical costing and other advanced just value patterns in much larger position ( Johnson, 2005 ) . The foundation of HCA is a existent dealing which has happened and the money has been paid for that dealing. Hence the cost value is a existent A ; non fabricated and has its root in that dealing. It is non about ciphering slightly fanciful or conjectural cost. The chief advantage of utilizing historical cost accounting is simplicity and certainty. The other advantage is it gives directors ability to calculate future operational costs. Hence in malice, many experts argue that the equity of the method is far from existent value, it still continue to rule the accounting universe. Question 4: Discourse the characteristics of current income and value theoretical accounts ( e.g. Current Buying Power Accounting ( CPPA ) and Replacement Cost Accounting ( RCA ) theoretical accounts ) that have been suggested to replace or run in tandem with the HCA convention. Response: As per Nobes, current buying power or general buying power accounting systems are based on historical cost histories adjusted with general monetary value index Numberss ( Nobes, 1992 ) . In instance of current buying power accounting, the original buying costs are corrected by rectification factor based on some general index like retail monetary value index. The corrected purchase cost is so used to cipher the balance value of the assets in order to record in the balance sheet for that twelvemonth. Hence it represents more realistic value for non-monetary assets. Ahmed argues that the replacing cost accounting steps replacement cost in units of money. He argues that the replacing cost income is equal to the difference between realised grosss and their corresponding replacing costs in units of general buying power ( Riahi-Belkaoui, 1996 ) . As per Drummon A ; stickler, the replacing cost is the sum of hard currency or hard currency equivalent that would be needed soon to get tantamount assets which can supply same map as the original plus. The method consists of gauging the cost of a new plus as argued by Christina ( Drummon A ; stickler, 1983 ) . The of import feature of replacing cost accounting is to capture the effects of altering monetary values and ultimate altering value of the points. The cardinal characteristic of both techniques is to capture the loss or addition in the value of non-monetary points such that the effects of rising prices or deflation can be captured in the balance sheet to do it more accurate. Question 5: Critically measure the virtuousnesss and defects of these alternate theoretical accounts. Response: The chief feature of the alternate theoretical accounts like current buying power accounting or replacing cost accounting is a mechanism to capture the loss or addition in the value of non-monetary points on the current rating footing. It helps to enter assets on the balance sheet with realistic values. The balance sheet can portrait true image of fiscal place of an administration ( DL MBA Material, 2003 ) . It can suit the effects of rising prices or deflation A ; do fiscal statement more economically relevant. The chief drawback of the alternate theoretical accounts is alterations in the monetary values are captured but these are non based on existent existent dealing. These theoretical accounts are complicated and values are subjective. It may go on that the general Consumer Price index or rising prices has gone up but the impacts on assets have been rearward or non that important. In such instance, the attendant value will be erroneous. Hence they lack in dependability.

2016 MCAT Cost and Fees by Registration Zone

2016 MCAT Cost and Fees by Registration Zone Taking the MCAT is no easy feat, and paying for it isnt either, especially if youre a poor college kid working your way through undergrad. So, how much does this test cost? Good question. Heres the answer: Note: The MCAT fees below are only payable in U.S. dollars. The MCAT costs are divided into three zones: Gold, Silver, and Bronze. Read on for the benefits and costs of each. The Gold Zone If you take a peek at the MCAT registration dates, youll see that the Gold zone is the earliest zone in which to register, and registering early has its advantages! There is more flexibility for dates and locations, to begin with. And when you register in the Gold Zone, you can get a partial refund if you need to cancel for any reason. Plus, this zone offers the lowest MCAT fees all around. Registration Fee: $305Date and/or Test Center Reschedule Fee: $75 extraCancellation Refund $150International Fee: $95 extra The Silver Zone If you miss registering in the Gold zone, there are still benefits to getting in a little bit earlier. First, the registration fee does not increase at all. Plus, you can still reschedule your test date or test center if you need to. If you need to cancel, though, youre out of luck where your cash is concerned! Registration Fee: $305Date and/or Test Center Reschedule Fee: $135 extraNO Cancellation RefundInternational Fee: $95 extra The Bronze Zone If youre late registering for the MCAT, the good news is that you can still take it. The bad news is that youre going to have to pay a bit more for the test than if youd planned ahead. Registration Fee: $355NO Date and/or Test Center Reschedule OptionNO Cancellation RefundInternational Fee: $95 extra Affording MCAT Fees The AAMC does offer a fee assistance program (FAP) for students who just cant afford to pay the MCAT registration fees, but the benefits of the program vary according to which registration period you choose to use. Gold Zone FAP Program Registration Fee: $115Date and/or Test Center Reschedule Fee: $35 extraCancellation Refund $60International Fee: $95 extra Silver Zone FAP Program Registration Fee: $115Date and/or Test Center Reschedule Fee: $55 extraNO Cancellation RefundInternational Fee: $95 extra Bronze Zone FAP Program Registration Fee: $165NO Date and/or Test Center Reschedule OptionNO Cancellation RefundInternational Fee: $95 extra

Climate change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Climate change - Assignment Example These satellites enable scientists to study the earth’s climatic change and also find out the cause of the rapid changes (Cook). This group largely helps in giving out information and predictions about the earth’s climate. One of the satellite checks on the effect caused by global warming and also the greenhouse effect (Cook). The science communication group believes that these effects are the main causes of the rising sea level due to ice age melt downs, thus explaining why there is an ice melts down in the arctic (Cook). HTTP://friendsofscience.com/ is a scientific resource and study page created in Canada, Alberta, and it is based in Calgary and it is owned by Michael Ignatieff (Cook). The friends of science website believe the sun is the main indirect and direct driver of the change in climate. Human activities are completely chucked out of the effects causing the rapid climatic change. The website was launched on 2002and since then it has come up with ten myth of the change in climate (Cook). The website completely denies the fact that there is global warming for the last three decades, they support their statement because they say that the balloon and satellite temperature record show that there is no sign of global warming (Cook). The main mission of the friends of science website is to reveal to people the main causes of the ice meltdown in the arctic (Cook). They empower this concept by their balloon satellite experiment hence blaming global warming on the sun thus explaining the concept of the ice meltdown in the arctic (Cook). They examine the main causes of the climatic change hence acknowledging people on what is really going on (Cook). The climate change has greatly led to the ice meltdown in the arctic according the friends of science website (Cook). They website believes that there is no global warming, and the sun is responsible for

Corporate Level Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Corporate Level Strategy - Essay Example However, for a department like Police, a portfolio approach will be relatively better suited. Both the approaches towards corporate strategy requires a very well thought out approach towards viewing organization amid the competition it faces in the market place. It is however, important to understand that not all firms and organizations are established for competitive purposes as public sector organizations have to actually fulfill certain responsibilities without any commercial consideration. Organizations like Police Department therefore don’t focus on maximizing the profits as most commercial organizations do however, to work efficiently and effectively, it is important that such organizations also maintain a strategic outlook. Portfolio approach to corporate strategy may focus on achieving financial synergy while allowing business units to operate independently however, it is also important for allowing business units to operate on their own. The challenge for management however is to ensure that all the business units operate according to overall corporate strategy of the firm and overall execution of strategy remains well intact. Portfolio approach for a department like Police will be a relatively better approach because Police department, as a whole, works in different units. Not all units are assigned the same roles and responsibilities however, a close integration of all the departments is considered as necessary. However, various departments also need to ensure that they operate on their own to fulfill their strategic role while at the same time maintaining required synergy. Core competencies approach is relatively strong approach however this may not be suitable for a department like Police. Core Competencies approach requires that organization generate and maintain its core competencies across the whole organization. Each department and business unit therefore is required to ensure that organizational

Why We Shouldnt Illegalize Guns Essay Example for Free

Why We Shouldnt Illegalize Guns Essay The Sandy Hook shooting. The theater shooting. What do they have in common? Guns. The question though, is how we should limit them. Many think that we should completely illegalize them, but is it really going to solve the problem? The truth of the matter is that guns don’t kill people; the criminal that wields the gun kills people. Limiting the use of guns is not an ideal solution and it will not stop criminals from killing others. It’s understandable that many people want to completely restrict guns because of their personal experiences or tragedies of someone they know dealing with shootings or guns. It’s also understandable that gun laws are passed only to look out for the safety of others. Guns can be really dangerous once it’s placed in the wrong hands. Saying from complete honesty, we can all agree that guns actually do help criminals kill or injure the innocent. Using a gun, a thief can easily rob a bank, or even a psychopath can easily gun down a school with just a press of a trigger. I mean, guns are dangerous right? Yes and no. Yes, because they can be a tool for evil and destruction. No, because they don’t cause people to kill others, they serve only as a catalyst for the inevitable. If someone is insane enough to pick up a gun and kill innocent civilians, the problem doesn’t lie within the gun, but the beholder of the gun. This means that the thought of killing someone else will eventually manifest whether guns are present or not. Taking away guns isn’t going to make criminals mentally sane or even less dangerous. The problem shouldn’t be emphasized on the tool the perpetrator used, but on the perpetrator himself. Saying that it was a gun that caused a person to kill is like saying if someone had a knife, he would automatically go out and slaughter innocent bystanders. Intentions are intentions. If someone really wanted to kill another person, they would, with or without a gun. But ok. Say a law was passed to illegalize all guns. Would it finally be a stop to all the madness and violent killings in America? Of course not. Illegalizing guns will only take away firearms from the law abiding citizens. Criminals that are likely to commit crimes are the ones that won’t abide to laws. And even if it’s against the law, whose stopping the criminals from obtaining arms illegally? This means that the law abiding citizens will have no guns to protect themselves, and the people that don’t follow laws will have guns regardless. Even though a series of recent tragic events occurred, it shouldn’t mean that owning guns should be made illegal. Illegalizing firearms will not cause anything but even more chaos. In fact, Crime rates in Great Britain have doubled since handguns were banned along with heavy restriction on long guns. Clearly, illegalizing guns will not decrease crime rates, but instead, increase them. Illegalizing guns. It does not seem to be a relevant response to recent shootings. Even if looking out for the safety of fellow citizens of America is the main goal, making guns illegal will not solve anything. The issue of the matter lies within the intentions of the gun wielder. Though guns may be a destructive tool, it is still the person’s responsibility to adequately own and operate the gun while obeying the laws. Guns themselves might seem like the easiest thing to blame for unforgivable crimes but, in truth, America should first focus on the people and the logical part of the situation.

A Lifetime of Damage Essay -- essays research papers

Overview The purpose of this research report is to review the practice of corporal punishment in the home and the lasting harmful effects on the children involved. The research is based on the opinions and finding of professionals in mental health and child development and offers little to no support for the use of physical punishment. This research outlines several areas of a child’s life that are acutely affected by the violent form of punishment called â€Å"spanking†. Within our community I have seen first hand that children who are subjected to such punishment suffer emotional as well as physical harm. Loss of trust, confusion, damaged relationships; aggression, humiliation, depression as well as death occur in children disciplined with corporal punishment. This paper reports the findings of many national studies in an attempt to educate those who continue to advocate violence in the home. A Lifetime of Damage Research about corporal punishment and the effects on children has become increasingly important. In particular, child psychologists have studied how to recognise behaviours that may suggest violence in the home, allowing vital intervention. This research led psychologists to realise that the behaviours they were observing in young children were almost always carried with the child throughout life and affected future behaviour; causing delinquency with the law, drug and alcohol abuse and perpetrating abuse on others. This study began with a sense of urgency to find information and educate those who felt that spanking was an acceptable and effective form of punishment. Secondly this research was done in order to better understand the emotional health of children. Research pertaining to the detrimental effects of corporal punishment on a child’s emotional and physical well being has shown that whether corporal punishment is used every day, once a week or once a month, there are lasting harmful effects to the children involved. Some of the physical and emotional effects of parents using corporal punishment on their child can be seen immediately. Along with physical damage such as redness, swelling and bruises, there is also significant emotional damage. Loss of trust and confusion are immediate and very detrimental to a young child. There are also many consequences that remain hidden for years, which may cause these children to suffer fr... ...here is no excuse that magically makes hurting a child kind or merciful† (1994, p.1). Children suffer damages that have been measured in many studies, by many doctors. But, these children who are being spanked also suffer from wounds that no one can begin to measure. The lost trust that a child suffers while begin spanked causes a lifetime of damage to his or her spirit, as well as to the relationship between the parent and the child. The psychological impact that has been attributed to a majority of spanked children, not only harms the future of that child, but those who surround him. References Alexander, K. (2001). Is Spanking Ever Okay? Parents, 90-98. Flynn, C. (1999). Exploring the Link Between Corporal Punishment and Children’s Cruelty to Animals. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61. 971-980 Greven, P. (1991). Spare the Child. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Lindgren, A. Never Violence. Cox, Randy. Riak, J. Plain Talk About Spanking. http://nospank.org/plntk.htm Schaefer, C. (1990). Teach Your Child to Behave. New York: Penguin Books. Straus, M. (1994). Beating the Devil out of Them. New York: Lexington Books. Straus, M. Hitting a Child is Wrong. Cox, Randy. A Lifetime of Damage Essay -- essays research papers Overview The purpose of this research report is to review the practice of corporal punishment in the home and the lasting harmful effects on the children involved. The research is based on the opinions and finding of professionals in mental health and child development and offers little to no support for the use of physical punishment. This research outlines several areas of a child’s life that are acutely affected by the violent form of punishment called â€Å"spanking†. Within our community I have seen first hand that children who are subjected to such punishment suffer emotional as well as physical harm. Loss of trust, confusion, damaged relationships; aggression, humiliation, depression as well as death occur in children disciplined with corporal punishment. This paper reports the findings of many national studies in an attempt to educate those who continue to advocate violence in the home. A Lifetime of Damage Research about corporal punishment and the effects on children has become increasingly important. In particular, child psychologists have studied how to recognise behaviours that may suggest violence in the home, allowing vital intervention. This research led psychologists to realise that the behaviours they were observing in young children were almost always carried with the child throughout life and affected future behaviour; causing delinquency with the law, drug and alcohol abuse and perpetrating abuse on others. This study began with a sense of urgency to find information and educate those who felt that spanking was an acceptable and effective form of punishment. Secondly this research was done in order to better understand the emotional health of children. Research pertaining to the detrimental effects of corporal punishment on a child’s emotional and physical well being has shown that whether corporal punishment is used every day, once a week or once a month, there are lasting harmful effects to the children involved. Some of the physical and emotional effects of parents using corporal punishment on their child can be seen immediately. Along with physical damage such as redness, swelling and bruises, there is also significant emotional damage. Loss of trust and confusion are immediate and very detrimental to a young child. There are also many consequences that remain hidden for years, which may cause these children to suffer fr... ...here is no excuse that magically makes hurting a child kind or merciful† (1994, p.1). Children suffer damages that have been measured in many studies, by many doctors. But, these children who are being spanked also suffer from wounds that no one can begin to measure. The lost trust that a child suffers while begin spanked causes a lifetime of damage to his or her spirit, as well as to the relationship between the parent and the child. The psychological impact that has been attributed to a majority of spanked children, not only harms the future of that child, but those who surround him. References Alexander, K. (2001). Is Spanking Ever Okay? Parents, 90-98. Flynn, C. (1999). Exploring the Link Between Corporal Punishment and Children’s Cruelty to Animals. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61. 971-980 Greven, P. (1991). Spare the Child. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Lindgren, A. Never Violence. Cox, Randy. Riak, J. Plain Talk About Spanking. http://nospank.org/plntk.htm Schaefer, C. (1990). Teach Your Child to Behave. New York: Penguin Books. Straus, M. (1994). Beating the Devil out of Them. New York: Lexington Books. Straus, M. Hitting a Child is Wrong. Cox, Randy.

How to Write a Good Dental School Essay

This article was created by a professional writer and edited by experienced copy editors, both qualified members of the Demand Media Studios community. All articles go through an editorial process that includes subject matter guidelines, plagiarism review, fact-checking, and other steps in an effort to provide reliable information. By WayneS, eHow Contributor Writing a good dental school essay may may be the difference between being accepted and rejected. An important part of applying to dental schools is writing a personal essay. The essay provides applicants with a chance to relate the attributes they would bring to the school and show their commitment to the field. It also offers applicants a chance to demonstrate how dental school will fulfill their professional and personal goals. Essays can be a deciding factor when schools make admission decisions, so applicants should put a lot of careful time and effort into writing them. Instructions Devote a lot of time to brainstorming. A clear understanding of exactly what you want to say is a necessary step when writing a compelling and effective dental school essay. While brainstorming, keep the three major goals of the essay in mind. First, establish exactly why you want to be a dentist. Second, think of any personal experiences that will prove helpful in dental school. Finally, search for qualities that would make you a good dentist. These can include schoolwork, clinical experience and community activities. Think of personal stories that will show you can be successful in dental school and dentistry. These stories should demonstrate the compassion needed to be a good dentist and identify experiences and skills youwill bring to dental school. Start the essay by using one of these stories. This will draw the reader into the essay more effectively than a list of accomplishments. Organize the essay. Determine the major points that you need to make in the essay and organize stories and information around those points. Instead of just relating all the stories at one time, organize the essay by topics. One topic can be how you have enthusiasm for the field. Then, use stories and information to demonstrate that enthusiasm. Â  Write the essay so it reflects the way you speak. It should flow naturally and be easy to read, not pedantic and full of jargon. The purpose is to sell yourself to show how you would be a great asset to the school and the field of dentistry. Â  Avoid cliches and worn-out themes. Use stories and practical examples to show the why the school should admit you. Do not just say that the you are committed or enjoy helping people. Provide practical examples of this commitment and desire to help. Have someone with a solid journalism or English background proofread the essay. Typos and misspellings can make you appear unprofessional and increase the chances of rejection.

“The Street” by Ann Petry Essay

In this novel, The Street by Ann Petry, tells just how hard life can be on the streets of Harlem. Reading Petry’s Novel, I mentally put myself in the shoes of, Lutie Johnson. Lutie is an African American woman who is also a single mother. Lutie tries her best to provide the best life she can for her and her son, Bub. Lutie experiences racism in the novel, and also discrimination and sexism. To get the life that she wants for herself and for Bub, Lutie must make some very hard decisions. This book took me through all the hard work and steps that Lutie must make and go through to make her and her son’s life better. This novel begins in November 1944, a cold and windy day in New York City. Petry glorifies the tendency for human independence by developing a plot in which she has to provide for her and her son all by herself, she is put threw racism, sexism, and hardship. The Street is a classic example of Petry’s naturalistic talent. Petry illuminates the anger, frustration, and resignation felt by Negroes during World War II. The story is written in the third person omniscient point of view. Although Lutie is the main character in the novel, Petry provides powerful insight into the lives of Bub, Min, Jones, Mrs. Hedges, and Boots. Each character’s point of view weaves together with the others to better show what a devastating impact racism, poverty, and gender had during that timeframe. The adult male characters in the story show what little respect they hold for women. They see the women as little more than sex objects. The women in the story show how their past experiences and current circumstances makes it virtually impossible for a black woman to ever achieve anything more than what they have managed to achieve thus far. In our society of today, there are many images that are portrayed through media and through personal experience that speak to the issues of black motherhood, marriage and the black family. Wherever one turns, there is the image of the black woman in the projects and very rarely the image of successful black women. Even when these positive images are portrayed, it is almost in a manner that speaks to the supposed inferiority of black women. Women, black women in particular, are placed into a society that marginalizes and controls many of the aspects of a black woman’s life. Therefore, many black women do not see a source of opportunity, a way to escape the statistics of their everyday existence. For example, if I were to ask a black mother if she would change her situation if it became possible to do so, some women would change, but others would say that it is not possible; This answer would be the result of living in a society that has conditioned black women to accept their lots in lives instead of fighting against the system. A lot of women today fall victim to system and actually content with that life style. If more women had the amount of determination that Lutie Johnson had it would defenliaty be a lot more successful black women in today’s society. The reason I chose Ann Petry, novel; was because the message that she is sending is real, granted this novel was written in the 1940s, the same experiences that she had to face, black women are still dealing with them today. The only differences are the black women in today’s society lack the drive and determination of Lutie. I personally see young black females go though the same issues, but now days they are looking for the easy way out. Which would more than likely be, Mrs. Hedges, a older lady in Lutie apartment building who runs a little whore house. â€Å"If you live on this damn street you’re supposed to want to earn a little extra money sleeping around nights. With nice white gentlemen.† Chapter 3, Pg 86 So in order to make a long story short, Ann Petry novel Street, portrays, realism The tendency to view or represent things as they really are. The meaning of realism and the novel goes hand and hand. The novel was very much straight forward; or maybe it was just easy to understand the struggle that Lutie was in counting, is the same thing a lot of females that I know personally got though every day. That moment when you can read something or see something, and it makes you remember; that just when you think that you have it bad, it always someone who has it even worst. In Lutie case no matter how hard she tries to get her head above water, it always something to drag her rite back down. So I say that to say this, â€Å"you never know the hand that you being dealt, but you have to play to win.†

Cloning Essays (437 words) - Cloning, Molecular Biology, Genetics

Cloning Essays (437 words) - Cloning, Molecular Biology, Genetics Cloning Cloning Today During my interview with my grandmother I asked her what she thought of cloning. she responded by saying that it was not right and should be stopped. on the other hand i have a different opinion. I think that cloning should be continued and furhter researched for we might be able to have different organs and substances produced in these clones. Below is the step that were taken to clone the adult sheep named Dolly. Part 1: An Improbable Goal Scientists hoped that cloning healthy, mature sheep, rather than just creating lambs from embryonic cells, could produce a highly specialized sheep with large quantities of proteins in its milk. The proteins are believed to help treat diseases such as emphysema, hemophylia and cystic fibrosis. Part 2: The Perfect Timing For years, scientists could not synchronize the growth of the egg and the cell. If one was off- synch, abnormal chromosomes would soon transform in the nucleus and thereby kill off the embryo. Dr. Wilmut achieved near perfection in the timing by putting the cells into hybernation; of the 277 eggs they began with, 247 lived through the process. Timing the growth in other species, however, has proved to scientists that cloning mature animals is extremely difficult; in the case of mice, they've concluded it can't be accomplished. Part 3: Jump-start from a Jolt Though it has become a standard procedure in cloning, scientists are not sure why an electric pulse sent to the two cells causes them to meld together and activates development in the egg. They are learning, however, the shock doesn't fully mimic the activation process of a sperm, which could explain why just 29 of the remaining 247 cells live longer than six days. Part 4: Surrogate Motherhood Despite the fact that the newly formed embryo is transplanted into the uterus of another ewe, scientists believe Dolly is a nearly exact carbon-copy of her genetic originating mother. In theory, that means an almost exact look-alike of John F. Kennedy Jr. could be produced by taking cells from his skin, melding their nuclei with any woman's egg that has had its nucleus removed and then planting the embryo in a surrogate mother. Part 5: A 6-Year-Old in 7 Months? Scientists are eagerly watching Dolly to see if she exhibits the characteristics of her mother, a 6-year-old sheep, or those of her own age, just 7 months. As animals and humans age, changes occur in their DNA - such as decreasing fertility and increasing susceptibility to cancer and other diseases. If she prematurely ages, clones of mature animals would be useless to the agriculture industry.

25 Synonyms for Beginner

25 Synonyms for Beginner 25 Synonyms for â€Å"Beginner† 25 Synonyms for â€Å"Beginner† By Mark Nichol There are a lot of terms used to identify a beginner many of them condescending or derogatory, so pay attention to connotation before employing any of these synonyms: 1. Abecedarian (from the Latin term abecedarius, â€Å"of the alphabet,† coined from linking the first four letters of the alphabet with vowels to form a pronounceable word): One in the early stages of learning. 2. Amateur (from the Latin term amator, â€Å"lover†): Someone who engages in an area of skill or expertise without remuneration, or, derogatorily, a person without experience or ability. 3. Apprentice (from the Latin term apprendere, â€Å"to learn†): One in the midst of hands-on training; originally denoting someone bound by a contract to train with a craftsperson, but now employed simply to refer to someone inexperienced. The term is used in a naval enlisted rank (â€Å"seaman apprentice†) and for the lowest level in Freemasonry (â€Å"entered apprentice†). 4. Babe (from the Middle English word coined in imitation of baby talk): An inexperienced person, with a condescending connotation of naivete. 5. Boot (from Anglo-French bote, â€Å"boot†): A US Navy or US Marine Corps recruit, perhaps from â€Å"boot camp†). Condescending. 6. Colt (from the Old English term for a young horse): A young, inexperienced person. Condescending. 7. Cub (from the word for a young animal): A young, inexperienced person, as in the expression â€Å"cub reporter,† referring to a new journalist. Condescending. 8. Fledgling (ultimately from Old English fleogan, â€Å"to fly†): Originally, use was confined to the literal meaning of â€Å"a young bird just learning to fly†; now, it is also a rare informal, condescending term for a young, inexperienced person (and is used to refer to a new enterprise). 9. Freshman (derived from fresh, as in â€Å"new to a situation,† and man): Originally referred only to a first-year student; now also denotes a politician or an athlete at the beginning of their career. 10. Greenhorn (from an obsolete English word referring to the new horns of a young horned mammal): Refers not only to a naive, inexperienced person but also to someone unfamiliar with customs or procedures. Condescending. 11. Layperson (from the Latin term laikos, â€Å"of the people†): A non-gender-specific variation of layman, originally denoting someone who is not a member of the clergy but now a general reference to someone who is not part of a particular profession or does not have expertise in a given subject matter. 12. Neophyte (from the Latin term neophytus, â€Å"newly planted† or â€Å"newly converted,† from the Greek word neophytos): A beginner or a convert. Mildly condescending. 13. Newbie (a diminutive noun derived from new): A person new to a place or situation, especially one unfamiliar with the conventions and etiquette of online interaction; a newer diminutive of this slang term is noob (or n00b, using zeros instead of the letter o, a variation often used in online conversation). Condescending or even derogatory. 14. Newcomer (a compound noun formed from new and come): Originally, one newly arrived to a location, but now a beginner in general. 15. Novice (from the Latin term novicius, â€Å"newly imported†): Originally, a probationary member of a religious organization, now generally someone with rudimentary skills. Depending on context, can be condescending. 16. Novitiate (see novice, above): A variation of novice, as well as a word for the condition of being a clerical novice, or the name of their residence. 17. Proselyte (from the Latin term proselytus, â€Å"foreign resident,† derived from the Greek word proselytos): A recent convert. 18. Probationer (from the Latin term probare, â€Å"approve†): Someone in the process of learning. 19. Punk (origin obscure): A young, inexperienced person, though it also has connotations pertaining to punk subculture and to sexuality. Derogatory. 20. Recruit (from the French term recrute, derived from recroistere, â€Å"to grow up again†): A newcomer; often used in a military or similar context. The term is used in the lowest naval enlisted rank (â€Å"seaman recruit†). Depending on context, can be condescending. 21. Rookie (uncertain; perhaps derived from recruit): One in his or her first year or years of experience, originally in the context of professional sports but now general in usage. (The back-formation rook is rare.) Depending on context, can be condescending. 22. Tenderfoot (a combination of tender and foot): Originally, someone new to a frontier area, unused to hardship; in the modern sense, a beginner. Condescending. 23. Trainee (from the Latin term traginare, â€Å"to draw† or â€Å"to train†): One learning a job or skill. 24. Tyro (from the Latin term tiro, â€Å"young soldier†): An inexperienced person. 25. Virgin (from the Latin term virgo, â€Å"young woman, virgin†): Originally a specific reference to a female with no sexual experience, now used lightheartedly to refer to someone new to a situation. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:English Grammar 101: All You Need to KnowBody Parts as Tools of MeasurementCapitalizing Titles of People and Groups

Metals in my life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Metals in my life - Essay Example Gold and Copper are considered to be the first metals discovered. However currently there are eighty six known metals. The dependency of mankind on metals is averred by the fact that the human civilization was based on seven metals which were known to be the Metals of Antiquity. These seven metals included Gold, Copper, Silver, Lead, Tin, Iron and Mercury. While referring the early development of civilizations, it has been found in the history that these metals were known and used by the Mesopotamians, Egyptians, Greeks and the Romans. In the post modern era of advanced sciences, the role of metals is quite inevitable in the day to day activities of human beings. Its usefulness are widely ranged involving its applications in Transportation, Aerospace, Computers and other electronic devices that require conductors, Communications including satellites that depend on a tough but light metal shell, Food processing and preservation, Construction, Biomedical applications, Electrical power production and distribution, Farming and household conveniences. The objective of this essay is to analyze the role of metals in my life. The role of some of the metals play in my day to day life is being reviewed along with the factual on those metals. The dependency of my routine activities on the application of these metals is wide and vivid. In the following paragraphs some of the metals are being dealt in detail beginning with the scientific information on those metals and then on the utility of those metals in my life. Thus essay takes care of the science of metals with reference to my life along with the emotional and application level attachment of mine with those metals and their products. The beauty and ambience of this metal is very much reflected in its chemical symbol itself. Chemical symbol of Gold is ‘Au’ which has been derived from the Latin aurum meaning shining dawn. The name also refers much to the color of

Construction procurement and legal framework for construction Essay

Construction procurement and legal framework for construction operations - Essay Example It may be either small scale or large scale. For successful completion of the construction project, effective planning is crucial. There are various types of construction: 1. Residential building construction 2. Commercial building construction 3. Industrial building construction 4. Heavy civil construction. The type of construction is the chief determinant of the variety of approach to the procurement of construction services. Construction procurement is absolutely crucial to the delivery of a project on time, budget and high quality. Good procurement is synonymous with the success of the project (Fewings 2013). Suicide bidding relating to a very low bid at a tender age, spending, over budgeting and ex ended time frames may all lead to poor standardization. The loss of knowledge about procurement may cause clients to incur unnecessary additional costs that could be avoided by choosing the right method of procuring. Construction is also prone to other conditions such as weather, labo r availability, finance, topography, ground conditions, and logistics. Selecting the absolute optimal and most effective method is difficult as reliance is more based on past statistical evidence. The clients order the construction that may be for sale or for any other usage. The construction procurement basis include determining the criteria for the project, setting contractual framework, setting tender and selection process, inviting the tenders and awarding a contract. There are key priorities that are maintained, that is, standardization, sustainability, reduced cost of procurement and public accountability (Fewings 2013). Standardization There is a legal framework provided for since the conception of contract formation to its execution. The comparison of the standard of building is outlined in the construction contract law. There are qualities checks of the building process that have to be maintained. This includes efficient completion of the project within an agreed time frame . Execution of a construction project is a team work between the clients. The contractor and the consultant therefore advocate for the three or more parties involved to have mutual agreement on the responsibility and roles of each other for successful completion of the project. Sustainability It applies for both physical positioning of structural connections, structural beams, walls, roofs and foundation. The bilateral symmetry and articulation of the design is greatly considered during construction. Sustainability may also be mental, the willingness of the contractor to complete the project in good timing. Reduced cost of procurement All factors of production are taken into consideration during the procurement process. The main aim is to maximize efficiency and consequently, minimize delay. Public accountability The public does a follow up on the ongoing project. This is essential as the critic is deemed necessary for maximum productivity in a unique and efficient way. Importance o f construction procurement (i) Greater skill of worker The regular repetition of an undertaking by an individual firm makes its performance routine.

My Sister's Keeper by Jodi Picoult Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

My Sister's Keeper by Jodi Picoult - Essay Example When Anna files a lawsuit to take full control of her body, she is self-centered because her decision is mainly to put her self-interest above her sister’s life. Kate is destined to die without Anna’s kidney. This paper seeks to explore Anna Fitzgerald as the protagonist in the book My Sister’s Keeper. Anna Fitzgerald, a thirteen-year-old sister and daughter is characterized to be subtly assertive. This is evident when she obtains a court order to be in full control of her body. She displays a character that is funny and thoughtful, as she is the only member of the family who seems to bring color and life to her family that has been immensely devastated by Kate’s illness. Anna is inquisitive. Unlike most children, she asks the reason for her existence beyond the surface-level inquisition. She goes ahead to claim that if outside creatures, such as an alien, see children in this world, they might assume that these children were born out of a drinking spree or a mishap in the use of artificial birth control (Picoult 7). This lamentation is a no-nonsense gibberish for Anna because all her life, her existence was literally purposeful. Her character is always inquisitive by asking, proving, and confirming the nature of her existence. With those questions, she was also able to formulate her own sensible answers. Furthermore, her inquisitive nature was also displayed many times in the book, particularly when she sought the help of Campbell Alexander, the lawyer she wished to defend her in court. She was initially declined, but her inquisitive nature made their conversation going and eventually earned the approval of Alexander to present her. Anna Fitzgerald also emerges intelligent. This observation is evident when she effortlessly elaborated the cases that she thought would be related to her possible case. More importantly, her intelligence was seen in the entire book as she manages to bring to the

Analysis Of Malasias Foreign Policies Since Independence Politics Essay

Analysis Of Malasias Foreign Policies Since Independence Politics Essay The Ministry of Foreign Affairs or Wisma Putra as it is commonly known has been mandated to pursue the nations foreign policy in accordance with the Federal Constitution of Malaysia with the objective of protecting and promoting the nations interest at the international level. Malaysias foreign policy is premised on establishing close and friendly relations with countries in the community of nations.   It will continue to respect the internal affairs of other nations and advocate a policy of non-interference recognizing the sovereignty of nations. Since Malaysias independence in 1957 till today, the vision of our foreign policy remains consistent that is to safeguard Malaysias national interests as well as contribute towards a just and equitable community of nations.   This is achieved through upholding the countrys sovereignty and promoting universal peace; fostering friendly relations with foreign countries and protecting Malaysias interests in the regional and international arena.   In other words, Malaysia will continue to consolidate its relations with other countries and international organisations, both at the regional and international level. In line with the objectives of promoting and protecting Malaysian national interest abroad, the Ministry has established a total of 105 missions in 83 countries and appointed 53 Honorary Consuls who provide support and assistance in promoting Malaysias interest abroad. Since the independence of Malaya in 1957, the nations foreign policy has gone through several phases of significant transition with different emphases under five previous premierships.   The policy has been largely determined by the established national characteristics and succession of political leadership as well as by the dynamic regional and international environment. Tunku Abdul Rahman, the first Prime Minister of Malaysia held a markedly anti-Communist and pro-Western posture as the era saw the country threatened by the Communist insurgency.   The foreign policy during Tunkus time had to take into consideration the bipolar power struggle between opposing ideas of democracy and communism. Under the stewardship of Malaysias second premier Tun Abdul Razak, Malaysias foreign policy began to shift towards non-alignment and internationalism with Malaysia joining the Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC) and Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). A period of consolidation ensued under Tun Hussein Onn with ASEAN becoming the cornerstone of Malaysias foreign policy following the collapse of Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City) in 1975, the withdrawal of the US military presence from Southeast Asia and the invasion of Kampuchea (now Cambodia) by Vietnam. During the premiership of Tun Dr. Mahathir in 1981, Malaysia began opening its doors to foster relations with more nations and became a symbol of a rising developing country.   Under Tun Mahathirs tenure, the nations foreign policy began adopting a much greater economic orientation in the countrys external relations while championing the rights, interests and aspirations of developing countries.   This approach led to the advocacy of the South-South Cooperation, a more proactive role in the G-77, the establishment of the G-15 and saw the Look East Policy being instituted.   This shift to the East greatly influenced Malaysias economic development.   Malaysia became the voice of the developing world and was a role model for many developing countries as it become well known for its active stance at the UN and other international conferences.   Malaysias participation in peacekeeping missions under the UN is also a testimony of the nations seriousness in instilling the will of the international community.   Since 1960, Malaysia has committed troops to Republic of Congo, Bosnia Herzegovina, Somalia, Sierra Leone, Namibia, Western Sahara, Iraq, Timor Leste and Lebanon. The fifth Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi continued to ensure that Malaysia was active in the international arena.   During his tenure, Malaysia played an instrumental role in the formulation and adoption of the ASEAN Charter which has been ratified by all ASEAN member states and subsequently entered into force on 15th December 2008.  During this period, Malaysia was also active in expanding the focus of OIC from being an organisation focused solely on political issues into one which focuses on the socio-economic development of Islamic countries.   The Islam Hadhari concept which promotes a form of civilisational Islam was also introduced by Prime Minister Abdullah Badawi and was accepted and recognised by the OIC member states at the 3rd Special Summit of OIC at Makkah in December 2005. Under the leadership of Prime Minister YAB Dato Sri Najib Tun Razak, Malaysia will continue to project a forward-looking and pragmatic foreign policy whilst continuing to facilitate trade, attract foreign investment as well as project Malaysia as a stable and peaceful country. Upon taking office in April 2009, the Prime Minister also stressed that Malaysias foreign policy under his administration would be shaped significantly by the 1Malaysia: People First, Performance Now concept. Among the key elements of the 1Malaysia concept is in realising the strength of Malaysia lies in its diversity.   This concept bodes well with the main vision of Malaysias Foreign Policy that is to protect and promote interests abroad and at the same time responsibly and effectively contribute towards the building of a fair and just world.   Dato Sri Najib believes that the interconnectedness of nations in the world means that Malaysia would benefit in applying 1Malaysia in its efforts in diplomacy and foreign relations. Synonymous with the 1Malaysia concept, Malaysia will continue to maintain close relations with all countries in the world and will continue to work with like-minded nations in pursuing national interest. YAB PM also introduced the Government Transformation Programme (GTP) that identified Key Results Area (KRAs) and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of the Ministry as a promise of commitment by the Government to the rakyat.   In line with this, the Ministry has identified 14 Key Performance Indicators to measure the success of the Ministry. The KRAs of the Ministry are as follows: a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Protection and promotion of Malaysias interests bilaterally, regionally and internationally through proactive diplomacy; b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Realisation of an ASEAN Community by 2015 via the ASEAN Political Security Community Blueprint, ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint and ASEAN Social Cultural Blueprint; c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Enhancing Malaysias standing in the international community particularly in the framework of 1Malaysia in an ever changing geopolitical scenario; and d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Provision of prompt and effective services locally and abroad. Malaysia has also maintained excellent relations with other countries, bilaterally and multilaterally through existing regional and international mechanisms of ASEAN, UN and other organisations which we are a member of. Malaysias foreign policy is structured upon a framework of bilateralism, regionalism and multilateralism where its outreach is likening to a pattern of concentric circles.   ASEAN forms the core priority of Malaysias current foreign policy, in consideration of our neighbours as our closest allies.   Looking further afield, as a country with a strong Muslim majority, Malaysia also gives importance to the solidarity of the Ummah and the spirit of cooperation among the Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC).   Malaysias status as a developing nation makes it imperative for the country to engage actively in the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), the Commonwealth, Group of Seventy Seven (G77), Developing Eight (D8), Asia Middle East Dialogue (AMED), Far East Asia Latin America Cooperation (FEALAC), Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation (IOR-ARC), Asia Europe Meeting (ASEM) and Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).   No less important is the countrys continued active participation in the Commonwealth, the United Nations and other international organisations.   Through these organisations, Malaysia has sought to promote the South-South Cooperation among the developing countries and the Muslim world.   Malaysia also advocates the Prosper thy neighbour policy to enhance economic relations and cooperation with its neighbouring countries through Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia-the Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area (BIMP-EAGA), Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMTGT) and other entities. Malaysia will continue to play a significant role in the various multilateral issues that affect our interests.   These issues include disarmament, counter terrorism, trafficking in persons, climate change and environmental issues.  Ã‚   As a member of the UN, Malaysia is a firm believer of international peace and security and an upholder of international law.   Malaysias election as the President of United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) for 2010 and the Chairmanship of the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) were a further testimony of Malaysias positive international image. Malaysia will also continue to engage with like-minded nations, both in the region and beyond in ensuring its sovereignty and economic well being are preserved and protected.   Malaysia will continue with the principles of engagement and cooperation rather than isolationism and unilateral action.  Trade and investment opportunities will continue to be explored with our traditional trading partners and at the same time to develop strategic partnerships for trade and investment with countries in the Middle East, Africa, Latin America and other parts of Asia. In the decade leading up to 2020, Malaysia would have to deal with great changes in the global environment whilst improving and upgrading the countrys domestic conditions.   In recognising this challenge, it is vital that Malaysias foreign policy continues to focus on protecting national interests while responsibly and effectively contributing towards the building of a fair and just world. The fundamental principles of sovereign equality, mutual respect for territorial integrity, peaceful settlement of disputes as well as mutual benefit in relations are the guiding principles that would continue to guide Malaysias relations with other countries.   Ã‚  These principles have stood the test of time. Indeed, our steadfast adherence to these principles, supported by a consistent foreign policy, has established for Malaysia a credible image in the eyes of the international community. OBJECTIVE   Implementing foreign policy is a complex and challenging task. With the dynamic environment of world politics, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs needs to be constantly aware of changes and be able to effectively respond to ensure that Malaysias sovereignty and national interests are adequately protected and Malaysias views and positions are duly articulated in the international arena. The Ministry will coordinate and work closely with relevant Ministries and Agencies to establish workable terms of reference in implementing Malaysias national interests and to coordinate marketing and branding strategies for Malaysia abroad. In the formulation of foreign policy, every country has its own objective. In the case of Malaysia, it is as simple as the pursuit of Malaysias national interest at the international level. The Malaysian government will strive to ensure that Malaysia continues to play an active role in international relations for the benefit of the country. Principal emphasis in the pursuit of Malaysias foreign policy objectives include: Maintaining peaceful relations with all countries regardless of its ideology and political system; Adopting an independent, non-aligned, and principled stance in regional and international diplomatic affairs; Forging close relations and economic partnerships with all nations, particularly with ASEAN and other regional friends; Promoting peace and stability in the region through capacity building and conflict resolution measures; Playing an influential leadership role as Chair of the ASEAN, Non-aligned Movement (NAM) and Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC) (As we did in the last few years); Participating actively and meaningfully in the United Nations, especially in the efforts to end injustice and oppression, and to uphold international law; and Projecting Malaysia as a leading example of a tolerant and progressive Islamic nation. FORMULATION OF FOREIGN POLICY    Malaysias foreign policy is basically an extension of Malaysias domestic policy. It is designed to defend and promote the countrys national, political, security, economic and other vital interests. It is geared towards promoting a peaceful regional and international environment, which would give Malaysia space to achieve all its national objectives without disruption from external threats.    Despite the diversity of views regarding the perception and explanation of foreign policy, no foreign policy can be formulated in a vacuum. It must serve to function in a dynamic environment. Malaysias foreign policy is no exception. Various geographical, historical, social and political determinants contributed to shaping the nature of Malaysias foreign policy and the conduct of the countrys international relations.    Our foreign policy seeks to promote mutual tolerance and cooperation amongst all countries that make up the fabric of international community. To this, Malaysia pursues an independent, principled and pragmatic foreign policy which rests on the values of peace, humanity, justice, and equality. Malaysias foreign policy is also premised on the principles of respect for the independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and non-interference in the affairs of other nations, peaceful settlement of disputes, peaceful co-existence and mutual benefit in relations. Due to globalization and the rise of powerful non-state actors, such as Multinational Corporations (MNCs), non-governmental organizations, and a variety of transnational groups, it is imperative for small nation states to cooperate even more closely. To this, Malaysia maintains friendly diplomatic, and trade relations with many countries throughout the world.    As a trading nation, we advocate a multilateral rule-based global trading system which would promote and safeguard the interests of all countries, whether developed or developing, in a fair and equitable manner. In this respect, Malaysia has long advocated the economic principle of prosper-thy-neighbor and not beggar-thy-neighbor. We believe that the global economic infrastructure should be that prosperity will beget prosperity. CRITERIA AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MALAYSIAS FOREIGN POLICY   Malaysias foreign policy is guided by three criteria: a) First, it must be a CREDIBLE policy: Exudes trust and confidence from other nations. In this regard, it has to be based on certain  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   internationally cherished principles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Serves the countrys best interest and remain a responsible member of the international community.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   b) Second, it must be an ENLIGHTENED policy: Takes care of the interest of its citizens above all else.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Brings international recognition and admiration for Malaysia and   allows Malaysians to be good citizens of the     Ã‚  Ã‚   world. c) Third, it must be a CONSISTENT AND COHERENT policy:   Makes Malaysia an acceptable and reliable partner in interstate affairs. Succeeds in making Malaysia the preferred brand name in international relations. EVOLUTION OF MALAYSIAS FOREIGN POLICY    Foreign policy is not static. Its formulation is essentially a dynamic process. Hence, over the years, our foreign policy has evolved, taking account of the change in leadership as well as developments in the ever-changing global political and economic landscapes. Moreover, the advent of globalization and the transformation of interstate relations brought about by new and rapid changes in information technologies necessarily means that our foreign policy has to be adjusted and fine tuned to meet new challenges in a globalised world. The style and approaches in enunciating Malaysias foreign policy may differ in keeping with the personality of each past and present prime minister of Malaysia. A critical examination of Malaysias foreign policy since 1957 would show its steady evolution characterized by notable changes in emphasis, which took place with the change in Malaysias political stewardship. Briefly;   a) In the period 1957-1969, our country has just gained its independence. During this post independence period, under our first prime minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj, our foreign policy was geared towards the survival of our newly independent nation. Our foreign policy then was markedly anti-Communist and pro-western in posture with close links to the Commonwealth. We were also a strong opponent of apartheid. Our posture towards regional cooperation also began to take root with the birth of ASA (1960), MAPHILINDO (1963) and ASEAN (1967). b) In the period 1970 -1976, under Tun Abdul Razak, as a member of the Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC), Malaysia began to identify itself as a Muslim nation. The search for new friends substantially increased the importance of NAM to Malaysia. We became markedly non-aligned and postured towards neutrality, peaceful co-existence and independence. We also began to distance ourselves from major powers, put strong emphasis on regionalism and developed contacts and diplomatic relations with communist countries. Investments from other than British sources began to be also welcomed.   c) A period of consolidation ensued under Tun Hussein Onn (1976-1981) with ASEAN becoming the cornerstone of Malaysias foreign policy following the collapse of Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City) in 1975, the withdrawal of the US military presence from Southeast Asia and the invasion of Kampuchea (now Cambodia) by Vietnam. The First ASEAN Summit was held and Malaysia signed the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Bali in 1976. Further emphasis on independence, non-alignment and equidistance from the major powers was also made. d) A more dramatic shift in emphasis occurred when Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohammad took over as the fourth Prime Minister in 1981. Malaysias foreign policy stance began to take a much greater economic orientation than ever before, coupled with a strong and nationalistic defence of the rights, interests and aspirations of developing countries and the advocacy of south-south co-operation. Tun Dr. Mahathirs premiership saw the pursuit of numerous new initiatives such as: Antarctica as the Common Heritage of Mankind. The Look East Policy (LEP). Championing of the cause of developing countries on major social issues like environment, human rights and democracy. With the advent of globalization, Malaysians identified both the beneficial and adverse impact of globalization to the developing countries. Pro-active and passionate approach on Apartheid and Palestinian issues. Islamic Unity Chairmanship and hosting of the 10th OIC Summit, hosting of 1st Expo OIC, formation of D-8. International peace and security Malaysias membership in UNSC, peacekeeping role in a number of countries such as Cambodia, Somalia, Bosnia, Kosovo, Namibia and East Timor. Malaysia also actively championed against selectivity, double standards and pre-emptive action outside the ambit of the UN. Terrorism Malaysia forged strong regional and international cooperation in combating terrorism, strongly advocated against profiling by religion or ethnicity, proposed multifaceted approach in combating terrorism including identifying and eliminating the root causes, hosted OIC Foreign Ministers Meeting on Terrorism in 2002, established SEARCCT to primarily focus on training and capacity building. Opening of New Frontiers: Active bilateral engagements with African, Latin American and Eastern Europe countries, particularly in trade, investment and transfer technology in the spirit of South-South Cooperation. Includes opening of Diplomatic Missions and extension of Malaysian Technical Cooperation Program (MTCP) in these countries. Economic Orientation: East Asia Economic Cooperation (from EAEG to EAEC to ASEAN +3). Regional Development Cooperation Growth Triangle concept such as IMTGT, IMSGT, BIMP-EAGA. Group of 15 (G15) first advocated by Malaysia. Economic diplomacy reverse investments prosper thy neighbors, South-South cooperation, MIGHT, Langkawi International Dialogue (LID), South Africa International Dialogue (SAID). e) In the period 2003   and onwards, under the leadership of Dato Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, foreign policy initiatives were further refined and fine- tuned to project: Pragmatic response in meeting the current geopolitical and economic challenges. More sophisticated articulation of Malaysias views. Substance as a dynamic extension to existing policies. Influential leadership role as Chair of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), the Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC) and ASEAN; and Malaysia as a leading example of a tolerant and progressive Islamic Nation Islam Hadhari The evolution of the countrys foreign policy under successive prime ministers reflects a pragmatic response to the geopolitical and economic changes of their times. To be continually relevant to the countrys needs, foreign policy cannot remain static. But whilst changes in emphasis have become a general feature of Malaysian foreign policy, continuity has also been evident. Both the change and continuity mark a higher level of confidence and maturing of the country in the conduct of its international affairs. Indeed, in many ways Malaysias leadership role has been recognized on several issues of deep interest to the developing world.    As a trading nation, we are very much dependent on a peaceful international environment for our well being. Naturally, our foreign policy has to be oriented to allow for a greater focus on economic diplomacy. In the past, when we were producing mainly raw materials for the world, Malaysia had to compete with only a handful of countries. But now, when we have become an industrialized trading nation, we have no choice but to work harder, to compete better and to find new markets for our goods and services. We must find better ways to do business with the outside world. We need to find niches in which we have a competitive edge.    Towards this end, Malaysia has implemented a number of policies that have a strong foreign policy component that will contribute to the creation of a strong, dynamic and resilient economy. These policies include amongst others: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢LookEastPolicy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ReverseInvestment-ProsperThyNeighbour à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢MalaysiaIncorporated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢South-SouthCooperation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢MalaysianTechnicalCooperationProgramme(MTCP) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Langkawi International Dialogue CONLUSION   One significant phenomenon that will impact strongly on Malaysias foreign policy as we move forward is globalization. Our greatest challenge would be to extract the best from the process of globalization and to give our best to the system. And in return to contribute towards making the world a much more peaceful and equitable place to live in, to provide leadership within our region and to demonstrate exemplary and responsible membership of the international community. On the political front, we see the end of the cold war. Yet the world today is no safer than we had been led to believe. The so-called friendly global village has not come about. Old conflicts either refuse to die or simply have a way of coming out of their graves to haunt us. In the meantime, new conflicts, at times much bloodier and brutal than the old ones, continue to emerge and rage or remain unresolved. Added to this, two other issues of great concern also remain, namely terrorism which continue to threaten Terrorism which continue to threaten the lives and property of innocent victims; and The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction which brings fourth the prospect of nuclear, chemical, and biological warfare. It is important; therefore, that our foreign policy be geared towards ensuring that more and more nations sign and ratify the relevant international conventions such as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), and the Convention on Land Mines (CLM). The economic dimension of globalization has been even more disappointing. The financial crisis that descended upon East Asia in 1997 brought about not only social misery and economic disaster but political instability as well. Massive Unemployment, negative growth, stock market crashes and severe currency devaluation have pulled down millions of people below the poverty lines. And now, we are anxiously watching the effects of the possible economic meltdown following the global financial crisis. The severity of the situation calls for the whole business of economic globalization and financial and trade liberalization to be seriously addressed. This is another biggest foreign policy challenge for Malaysia. Malaysia will continue to press for the reforming the international financial architecture that is so prone to speculative manipulations and frequently excessive fluctuation. Malaysias activism at the international front has of course attracted attention and reaction from various quarters. Until recently, Malaysia had been the target for criticism for being too vocal. But this is something that we need to take in our own stride if Malaysia is to be proactive at the global level. Our foreign policy principles have stood the test of time. Indeed, our steadfast adherence to these principles, supported by a consistent foreign policy, has established for Malaysia certain credibility in the eyes of the international community. Malaysias initiatives at various regional and international fora have put the country on the world map. Increased economic prosperity and political stability has in fact enabled Malaysia to carve its own niche in the international scene. Making its presence felt has allowed Malaysia to exercise some influence in setting the international agenda. Being less dependent on foreign aid and assistance, Malaysia has been able to speak up on issues that other developing countries feel constrained to voice for fear of retribution by the major, particularly western, powers. The years ahead therefore would see our foreign policy specially oriented towards not only ensuring Malaysias domestic success but also internationally, as a geopolitical and economic player at the global level.